Sunday, April 19, 2009

What's Going On


On November 4th, 2008, I, like the majority of the voting electorate, voted for "Change." Over five months later, I'm beginning to wonder if we will ever see that "Change." In the last few weeks, it has become apparent, that the current administration's answer to the financial crisis is to continue the plan developed by the previous administration; namely, propping up the zombie banks through taxpayer funded bailouts.

Geithner's recently unveiled plan for the toxic assets amounts to nothing more then the transfer of risk from the banks to the taxpayer. Thankfully for us, there is no chance of this plan working. Because even with the non-recourse 85% levered FDIC loans (didn't leverage get us into this mess?), and the generous 7.5% taxpayer subsidies, the bids still won't come in high enough for the banks to be able to accept without sinking their balance sheets. Or so I thought. As Jeffrey Sachs points out, the banks will figure out a way to bid on their own toxic assets (with no transparency, of course) and then quietly unload them onto the taxpayer in the not too distant future. Doh!

But all of this is a moot point. You all heard the good news. Banks reported big profits in the 1st quarter, far above analysts expectations. The financial sector and our economy is on its way to recovery. Sure, if your willing to ignore that much of the profits came from a change in the mark-to-market accounting rules (who needs transparency in accounting anyways) and from a one-time payoff on AIG's credit default swaps (aka CDS. basically insurance for the toxic assets). Oh, and yes, the AIG taxpayer financed bailout was just another non-transparent way to funnel money to insolvent banks. Conveniently for the banks, both of these fortuitous events happened prior to the conclusion of the government's stress test; designed by the administration to determine which banks are insolvent (I'm guessing all the major banks are going to pass).

Look, I'm not a pessimist, but rather a realist. I want the bank rescue plans to succeed and want to believe that the latest rally is a reflection of improving market conditions. But the more research I do, the more it becomes apparent to me that many of the major banks are insolvent and the governments solution is to slowly transfer losses and debt from the banks to the taxpayers and hope that asset prices trend upward. Whereas, the most efficient (and beneficial to the taxpayer) way to deal with the economic crisis is to put all the insolvent banks in a temporary receivership; liquidate the good assets off to well capitalized super-regional banks and institutions and throw all the bad assets into a RTC type entity.

So, what's going on? Why are the banks receiving special accommodations? From my perspective, the government and large financial institutions interests are so commingled that they have formed a symbiotic relationship. Seriously, of the people in the government who are really running the show, what percentage are former employees of the financial institutions? I'm sure the number is extraordinarily high. What percentage of former government officials are currently employees or "Advisors" of the financial institutions? How is is possible to not have conflicting interests in dealing with the current mess?

For a more in depth look, I highly recommend you read " The Quiet Coup" from MIT professor and Atlantic writer Simon Johnson and "The Big Takeover" from Rolling Stone writer Matt Taibbi. They both do a brilliant job of giving a detailed account of how 146 years after President Lincoln delivered us a "government of the people, by the people, for the people," President Obama is on slippery slope to delivering us a government of the banks, by the banks, for the banks.

Quick tangent. For an administration that ran on transparency, you would think this would present a golden opportunity for the Republicans to make some legitimate criticism of team Obama's opaque handling of the banking crisis. But no, they would rather throw a tea party (protest on government stimulus spending and taxes). I'm not going to get into the merits of the tea party, but rather comment that the ECONOMY is not going to recover until the banks are once again well capitalized and lending money. This IS the ISSUE of the day. And every other issue is secondary in nature until the economy is headed down the right path. Yet the Republicans are still spewing out the same ideological company line. But why am I surprised? The Republican couldn't lead their way out of a paper bag right now.

OK, now back to What's Going On. Looking beyond my superficial conspiracy theory that the banks are now running the government, recently, Brad DeLong, economics professor at U.C. Berkeley and Matthew Yglesias, associate editor of the The Atlantic Monthly, have proposed four different narratives on what the administration is up to. But seeing as how I'm obviously much wiser than any economics professor or any editor (yes, I realize my posts are riddled with grammatical errors), I'll propose my own narrative. And if this narrative is true, in many ways, it makes me feel better about the administration's true agenda and largely renders everything I wrote above almost completely meaningless (which, I guess, would not make me very wise after all):

The people who are running our government; namely, Larry Summers, Tim Geithner, Ben Bernanke and formerly Hank Paulson, stared into the abyss, as Zerohedge points out, on September 18th, three days after the failure of Lehman Brothers. U.S. Representative Paul Jankorski paraphrases disclosures from Bernanke and Paulson:

On Thursday (Sept 18), at 11am the Federal Reserve noticed a tremendous draw-down of money market accounts in the U.S., to the tune of $550 billion was being drawn out in the matter of an hour or two. The Treasury opened up its window to help and pumped a $105 billion in the system and quickly realized that they could not stem the tide. We were having an electronic run on the banks. They decided to close the operation, close down the money accounts and announce a guarantee of $250,000 per account so there wouldn't be further panic out there.

If they had not done that, their estimation is that by 2pm that afternoon, $5.5 trillion would have been drawn out of the money market system of the U.S., would have collapsed the entire economy of the U.S., and within 24 hours the world economy would have collapsed. It would have been the end of our economic system and our political system as we know it.

This event so traumatized them, that they are fearful that nationalizing the major banks may lead to another run on the banks; one in which they can not stop, resulting in the collapse of the world's financial and political system. And this fear has dictated every major economic policy since. Faced with the unthinkable,the administration has decided to do everything in their power to keep the insolvent banks afloat. Even if that means being disingenuous with the public and reckless with their money.















12 comments:

  1. Ok, I accept your view that the administration might be creating "zombie banks" a la Japan of the 1990's. But would your proposed receivership/sale-of-assets actually work? AIG has been attempting to do just that, and has so far, been rather unsuccessful, because there is no market for the kinds of assets (even the good ones!) that the banks would be pushing.

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  2. Yes, I think we can mostly all agree that the government has shifted dramatically since Obama became our president and redistributing wealth and tax payer dollars has been at the peak of their agenda. Moreover, I personally feel that President Lincoln would be turning over in his grave at the socialist policies of our administrator. Nonetheless, your post doesn't really seem to offer your opinion on what would be a better solution. It's easy to criticize, but what do you think would help the American people right now--taxes on families earning more than $250K? What about no tax hikes, a repeal on all this ridiculous government spending and a $3000 wire transfer into everyone's bank account to spur spending???

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  3. Mark,

    Yes a receivership would work. Because, at the end of the day, it doesn't matter whether the toxic assets would be able to be moved immediately or not. That is why you create an RTC entity to liquidate the toxic assets. Remember, the RTC liquidated $394 billion in toxic assets from 1989 to 1995. Now, the volume of toxic assets is substantially higher (between $2-$3 trillion). But the precedent has been set. BTW, there are buyers for the toxic assets, however, at the price being offered, the banks would be sunk and the bondholders, most notably PIMCO, see this as an unacceptable solution. The original RTC in the 80s and 90s didn’t deal with securities with bondholders behind them. Today, obviously, it’s a different situation. Bottom line, the bondholders at some point are going to have to accept a haircut (and this is the issue behind the issue).

    Getting back to the problem at hand, the banks are not lending. They are not lending because they are insolvent (underwater) due to the toxic assets on their books. So, all the money the banks are receiving from the government is being hoarded instead of being lent out. A waste of our money.

    But, the insolvent banks still have plenty of good assets. If you start selling those good assets off to super regional banks, with healthy balance sheets, like the one controlled by Andy Beal, you would increase their profits and thus their capacity to lend to businesses and individuals. http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/03/banking-andy-beal-business-wall-street-beal.html

    Doing it this way, will increase the capacity to lend, avoid wasting taxpayer money on banks that are underwater and instead of having 5 major banks, we would have like 30 super regional banks, which would be less prone to systemic risk if one of them fails.

    DLaz

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  4. Corster04,

    I was trying largely to avoid any conversation about capitalist/socialist ideology, as this would ultimately just lead to an unproductive shooting match. With that said, I understand, with a conversation such as this, it is extremely difficult to avoid ideological arguments.

    But the main point of my post is that the economy can not begin to thrive again until the banks are lending to businesses and individuals. I believe that the course the administration is pursuing is not cost effective to the public and will not get banks to lend to the public.

    My solution is a temporary receivership of the insolvent banks, selling of their good assets and putting the toxic assets into a RTC structure. And realistically, the only reason why the government isn’t doing this, in my opinion, is that they are fearful of a run on the banks (a very real risk) and that many of the interests in the government are comprised due to long standing relationships between the banks and the government.

    Quick comment on your $3,000 injection into people’s bank accounts. The problem with this, is that people are saving, not spending right now. Saving rates were up to 3% at the end of 2008, up from 0% the year before: http://www.clipsandcomment.com/2009/02/23/the-daily-graphic-americans-personal-saving-rate-going-up/

    Projections are that saving rates will continue to trek upward. It’s why we are currently in a deflationary spiral. It’s my belief that any injection into our accounts won’t be spent. Now, if there were some way to make the money worthless if not spent in 3 months, then that could certainly work. But I think the problem with this idea, is that the mechanism to get such a thing to work would be impossible to structure without being exposed to rampant corruption, scams, etc.

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  5. Here is a little secret. Government is not the all mighty solver of problems. They probably create more than they solve. And spend our, and our grand kids, money with reckless abandonment. I say leave the assets with the banks, they are in the best position to find buyers (or not according to the previous post) and they own them. Banks will lend again, after all that is their business. But its hard for these banks to see a great return when our government artificially manipulates low interest rates to satisfy an agenda. Would you lend out money on a house for 30 years at less than 5%? Well maybe if you thought that we are in a "deflationary spiral" but I don't think this is any kind of long term trend. Banks ultimately need to get a better return on their capital, but risk should be borne by the stock holders, not tax payers.
    But maybe this is as you suggest, maybe Americans are deciding not to spend OPM. Maybe they are putting it away. And where do they put it? Banks, stocks, real estate and small business. Just like it's been done for ever. Maybe change does mean we get to make the decisions again, instead of government making them for us.

    Grandpa

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  6. Grandpa,

    To clarify, I don't want the government to control the banks. I want the banks to control the banks. But when a bank is insolvent (as I believe a few of the major ones are) it's the governments duty to protect FDIC insured deposits. Last year, the FDIC took over the insolvent IndyMac bank, the largest bank failure in history. Within a few weeks, they were able to liquidate the banks assets and put the assets back in private hands, with minimal exposure to the taxpayer.

    Why should it be any different for the Citibanks of the world? Why should they continue to operate as wards of the state?

    By the way, its worth noting that in 1933, FDR declared a "bank holiday" for all the US banks and took over 1/3 of the nations insolvent banks. When the banks reopened, for the first time since the stock market crash of 1929, banks had more deposits than withdrawals.

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  7. I believe the notion of taking over the troubled banks for a short period would be exactly what we need. It would allow us to truly understand the scope of the problem and how best to attack it. But, do you really think they would let that happen? Isn't that why they are all so excited to announce their recent profits (even if it is due to a change in accounting and has no real value) NATIONALIZATION IS A SCARY WORD TO THE PUBLIC. Even though they have no reason to fear a short term takeover. THE REBUPLICANS DO SUCH A GREAT JOB OF SCARING EVERYONE IT MAKES IT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO ENGAGE IN CONSTRUCTIVE STEPS. Hannity's tea parties were the most shameful thing I have ever witnessed. FEAR FEAR FEAR LOUD NOISES LOUD NOISES. The Cheney/Rumsfeld presidency (dont kid yourself that bush ran this country) might be the single most disturbing era in our history yet Fox News can rally thousands of people to scream about no taxation without representation. REALLY ? WHERE WERE THEY ON ELECTION DAY?
    mc

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  8. Oh no, here goes:
    DLaz, I don't really understand what you are saying. The government is protecting FDIC insured deposits, no one has lost a cent. Well I should say taxpayers, since ultimately the FDIC draws on the treasury. That slush fund that the privileged few get to pay into. No one I know is running into their local bank branch and demanding their money. In fact I see more people saying they want to invest in the stocks of these banks and open CDs with them. But it does seem that these regulators just pick and choose rather than following a defined criteria.

    And for MC:
    This whole Republicans are to blame when every branch of government is controlled by Democrats is a red herring argument and is really stale. No pun intended.
    These are private companies and yes, for profit companies are excited when they make a profit. And the accounting argument is a tough one to make. Had they not had to write down the decline on these assets in the first place they wouldn't be required to write up the gains. But such is in accounting, it isn't just add up the numbers math. I am curious to which is scarier to everyone: Nationalization or Free Market (This is just a fun question to keep things light.) Finally, there are some people who feel they pay too much in taxes. What's the big deal?
    Grandpa

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  9. Matt,

    Easy on the Caps there fella.

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  10. Anonymous (paul b),

    That's my point. Why should the FDIC pick and choose which banks are insolvent. It's obvious citibank is insolvent. This is from the Institutional Risk Analyst, which clearly explains just how insolvent citibank is. They probably understand the banks as well as anyone (you've got to, when you charge $50,000 for a single report. this is a must read for you, paul b): http://us1.institutionalriskanalytics.com/pub/IRAstory.asp?tag=354

    If a bank is insolvent, it should be put in receivership. You shouldn't be able to avoid this fate because you're a major bank. If the FDIC is not zealous in adhearing to this priciple, then they are creating a form of crony capitalism. Continue this practice, depositors will lose faith in the system and you risk having a run on the system. A severe enough run, then you do put depositors money at risk.

    BTW, you don't know anyone who is running to their bank and demanding their money? Did you not just read the above when on Sept 18, $550 billion was withdrawn from the money markets (FDIC insured) by 11AM and if the gov't didn't freeze the system, then $5.5 trillion would have been withdrawn by the end of the day. Now imagine if this was citibank that failed. Are you saying you couldn't imagine a situation when everyone and their brothers who had money in citibank would electronically withdraw ASAP (this is why this issue is complicated)?

    You should also know, that many companies never had to "write down" toxic assets on the their books. The mark-to-market fight was about being able to put them on their books without sinking the company. For example, GE only had 2% of their assets at mark-to-market on their books. The brilliant Paul Kedrosky explains:

    Unbelievable the amount of spurious silliness being spewed about mark-to-market today. People have their facts wrong -- most financial services mark a small percentage of their assets to market today; GE Capital is at 2% -- and we are giving banks a pass in terms of how they report losses and value goofy assets.

    Here is an example, courtesy of Accounting Observer:
    FSP FAS 115-a, 124-a, and EITF 99-20-b, the proposal that softens the blow of recognizing other-than-temporary impairments, was essentially unchanged from the original proposal. It remains a chancre on the body of accounting literature. The credit portion of an other-than-impairment loss will be recognized in earnings, with all other attributed loss being recorded in "other comprehensive income," to be amortized into earnings over the life of the associated security. That's assuming the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized at all, because the determination will still be largely driven by the intent of the reporting entity and whether it's more likely than not that it will have to sell the security before recovery. This is a huge mulligan for banks with junky securities.

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  11. A very slippery slope and I don't understand all this stuff. Less government intervention - but if the government lets these institutions fail (and let's be clear this isn't just about banks. GM, AIG, etc) then who is on the hook for taking care of those people that relied on those companies - depositors, creditors, small businesses, etc. Who takes care of the poeple that worked for those institutions? The government. One way or another it's coming back to them, so I would guess the question they ask is what is easiest, what is best long term, what keeps our economy stable right now? Letting these banks and institutions just fail outright would be a travesty. If you think the economy is F'd up right now, just wait until that happens.

    Now, as a small business owner I am definitely on the other side too. What about me? What if my company goes under - are they stepping up to help me? Of course not. However, I also realize what my company represents in the mass scheme of America, and I can accept we don't have the role of a Citi, or BofA, or AIG, etc. I've accepted that - but you cannot let these institutions just fail. I really believe that. It will be complete and utter chaos.

    Seriously can Roubini et al give us some lottery numbers? I'm so sick of the I-told-you-so's and the you-should-have-listened-to-me's......I'm convinced more than ever nobody knows a damn thing.

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  12. Evan,

    I can appreciate your fear of uncertainty in the event of one or a few of the large banks demise.

    However, an FDIC receivership is supposed to be a somewhat orderly process that protects insured depositors (up to $250,000). And eventually, loans and businesses that are still current/profitable will be sold to other banks. Again, a successful model was the takeover of the insolvent IndyMac. It had $32 billion in assets at the time of the seizure. All insured depositors were protected and loans were serviced until their sale to other banks/institutions.

    With that said, the major banks have trillions in assets, and that obviously complicates matters. And of course, I can't say, with any certainty, that if the big insolvent banks are put in a receivership, we will avoid chaos and confusion. I will try to do some research from those who are proposing receivership on how to deal with the utter volume of assets that need to be liquated and get back to you. Hopefully (for the sake of my view) there is a real answer, or the argument for receivership is baseless.

    BTW, you are right; nobody knows a thing as far as the future is concerned. But it is worth noting that Roubini was ridiculed and ostracized for his predictions a few years back. He risked his career by publicly stating what he believed to be true. That takes courage (what many people who got us into this mess or who could have reduced the impact of this mess, didn't have) I personally think that deserves a measure of respect.

    DLaz

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